Some aspects of the bengal partition chhanda chatterjee. In 1971, with the help of indian military, east pakistan. In addition to the refugees in india, about 30 million bangladeshis were internally displaced. For more information about this period before the first partition of bengal, i would like to request readers to read the book entitled muslim community of bengal 18871912 by dr. In 1947 east bengal and the dominion of pakistan were separated from presentday republic of india and thus formed a new birth of country named pakistan. How syama prasad mookerjee saved bengali hindus from imminent. After the partition, the industry of west bengal suffered heavily mitra. In 1955, east bengal became east pakistan, and in 1971 became the independent state of bangladesh after a successful war of independence with west pakistan. Partition of india and pakistan occured in 1947, and a further partition of greater pakistan turned a province of old east bengal into bangladesh in 1971. The british recognized that bengal, with some 85 million people, was much too large for a single province and determined that it merited reorganization and intelligent division. Indopak partition cut the trade links and transport. Women and resistance in west bengal and bangladesh. While the partition split the province between west bengal, in which the majority was hindu, and the east, where the majority was muslim, the 1905 partition left considerable minorities of hindus in east bengal and muslims in west bengal.
Predominantly hindu west bengal became a state of india, and predominantly muslim east bengal now bangladesh became a province of pakistan. The partition enjoyed the support of most hindu legislators in the bengal. Aug 06, 2015 partition of bengal 1905 and its annulment in 1911 bengal, bihar and orissa had formed a single province under british india since 1765. The partition of bengal came into effect on october 16, 1905, through a royal proclamation, reducing the old province of bengal in size by creating a new province of east bengal, which later on became east pakistan and present day bangladesh. The partition of the bengal province came into effect during his viceroyalty on 16 th october 1905. Jun 28, 2018 the partition of india led to the partition of bengal 1947 dividing the british indian province of bengal into two. The partition separated the largely muslim eastern areas from the largely hindu western areas on 16 october 1905 after being announced on 19 july 1905 by the. In the history of colonial india an event of crucial importance was the partition of bengal in 1905 by the british government. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box.
The british government revoked the partition to avoid. Muslim reaction to partition of bengal when the proposal for partition was first published in 1903 there was expression of muslim opposition to the scheme. The unmaking of a nation, 19051971, penguin, viking. The conflict of 1971 was also about the distribution of power and privilege, this time between the elites of east and west pakistan. We provide step by step solutions for icse history and civics class 10 solutions pdf. View partition of bengal research papers on academia. Predominantly hindu west bengal became a province of india, and predominantly muslim east bengal now bangladesh became a province of pakistan. The bengal partition,background,partition,political crisis. At the time of the partition of british india, east bengal had a plantation economy. The text provides a compelling and authoritative account of the transitions and transformations in west bengal in the early postindependence era. The anti partition movement was able to achieve for what it aimed. The rivalry between muslim and hindus first surfaced in the political arena, when the british partitioned the province of bengal in 1905 for administrative reasons. But the east and west provinces were on either side of india and separated by 930 miles 1,500 km. The first partition of bengal took place in 1905 under british rule.
On december 30, 1898, lord curzon took over as the new viceroy of india. The separation of east pakistan 1971 pakistan defence. An overwhelming majority of these refugees and immigrants were bengali hindus. East bengali refugees are people who left east bengal following the partition of bengal, which was part of the independence of india and pakistan in 1947. The partition of india led to the partition of bengal 1947 dividing the british indian province of bengal into two. Partition of bengal, 1905 lord curzon was the man behind the partition of. Two bengal partition and aftermath madhubanti banerjee graduate student, m. Lord curzon was the viceroy of india from 1899 to 1905. Partition of bengal and the swadeshi movement himachal. Partition of bengal 1905 and muslim league 1906 muhammad hamza shafqaat paritition partition of bengal, 1905effected on 16 october during the viceroyalty oflord curzon18991905, proved to be a momentous event in the history of modern bengal. The fact that the partition of bengal in 1947 was not the result of a political mobilization long which had struggled for the creation of pakistan meant that the muslims of bengal, punjab, and the other areas. Lord curzon announced the partition of bengal on 16 october 1905. Pdf this essay supports the theoretical approaches of conflict and development and reveals that unequal development and. In 1905, the first partition in bengal was implemented as an administrative preference, making governing the two provinces, west and east bengal, easier.
In 1971, with the help of indian military, east pakistan finally declared its independence from pakistan and became a separate nationstate called bangladesh. Bengal, which included bihar and orissa since 1765, was admittedly much too large for a single province of british india. The line drawn by lord curzons government, however, cut through the heart of. The western part with predominantly hindu population became a part of india west bengal, while the predominantly muslim eastern part east bengal became a. M of 25 th march 1971 to stop the legal demands of bengali nation to be allowed to form central government of pakistan since the awami league the political party of the east pakistan under sheikh mujibs leadership had won the 1970s general election and got the fresh. In the history of colonial india an event of crucial importance was the partition. East pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering. Partition of bengal 1905 and its annulment in 1911 bengal, bihar and orissa had formed a single province under british india since 1765. The first partition of bengal in 1905 brought that province to the brink of open rebellion. This article talks about the partition of bengal, 1905 and the causes, effects and outcomes of the partition. Partition of bengal and swadeshi movement partition of bengal. The partition of the indian subcontinent and creation of pakistan. This research paper provides a profound overview of these historical narratives and draws a comparison between present day bangladesh and pakistan.
The dicision to split bengal came in july and by october 16, 1905, bengal had been divided into piston bengal and assam with a population of 31 million and the rest of bengal with a population of the 4 million of who 18 million were bengalis, a. For my sons, the only possible idea of india is that of a nation greater than the sum of its parts. Steps towards partition bengal at the time of lord curzon was the biggest and most populated province unable to be governed by a single person, or so the official record runs. Dec 04, 2019 icse solutions for class 10 history and civics the partition of bengal icse solutionsselina icse solutions provides icse solutions for class 10 history and civics chapter 11 the partition of bengal for icse board examinations. So, in 1903 a proposal was made to separate chittagong division and the districts of dhaka and. Partition of bengal 1905 important mcqs of pakistan study. The new country changed its name to bangladesh on january 11, 1972 and became a parliamentary democratic country peoples republic under its constitution. East pakistan became independent bangladesh in 1971 but cross border railway. Partition of bengal, swadeshi movement and the role of rabindranath tagore priyanka mitra research scholar, department of english, rabindra bharati university, kolkata, india abstract. Partition of bengal 1947 wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Pak war of 1971, concluding in the collapse of east pakistan and the establishment of bangladeshs sovereignty. This remarkable book by an acknowledged expert on the subject assesses the social, economic and political consequences of partition. Partition, unquestionably a pivotal event of the south asian twentieth century, has become a subject of great significance in its own right.
Partition of bengal, swadeshi movement and the role of. It began a transformation of the indian national congress from a middleclass pressure group into a nationwide mass movement. Photograph by margaret bourkewhite life picture collection getty. Some aspects of the bengal partition chhanda chatterjee, 2017. This paper will trace the two bengal partitions 1905 and 1947 to show why the british raj was forced to withdraw the first partition, whereas the second one stood firm. Books about the indian subcontinental partition these are books, both fiction and nonfiction, dealing with the 1947 partition that affected presentday india, pakistan and bangladesh. The bloody legacy of indian partition the new yorker. The western part of the bengal province became the state of west bengal and remained with india, whereas the eastern part of bengal became east pakistan. The partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, divided the british indian province of bengal based on the radcliffe line between india and pakistan. During the bangladesh liberation war with west pakistan, an estimated 10 million people of east pakistan presentday bangladesh fled the country and took refuge. Lord curzon, the viceroy of india decided to partition bengal for administrative purposes, creating a new province of east bengal and assam, with a population of 31 million people and with its capital at dhaka. East bengal became east pakistan, and in 1971 became the independent state of bangladesh after a successful war of independence with west pakistan in the partition of bengal congress leaders also supported this revolt.
Partition displaced fifteen million people and killed more than a million. West pakistan, east pakistan, and india morgan simmons. The western part with predominantly hindu population became a part of india west bengal, while the predominantly muslim eastern part east bengal became a part of pakistan. May 01, 2011 the pakistans brutal army started their dirty war, operation searchlight in the midnight around 11 p. Bangladesh simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. How syama prasad mookerjee saved bengali hindus from. East pakistan was renamed from east bengal by the one unit scheme of pakistani prime. Elite conceptions of muslim identity from the partition of. Partition of bengal, 1905 effected on 16 october during the viceroyalty of lord curzon 18991905, proved to be a momentous event in the history of modern bengal. Partition of bengal, 1905, division of bengal carried out by the british viceroy in india, lord curzon, despite strong indian nationalist opposition. Icse solutions for class 10 history and civics the. Figure 1 bengals partition of 1947 and pakistans partition of 1971. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Elite conceptions of muslim identity from the partition of bengal to the creation of bangladesh, 19471971 article in national identities 121.
In bangladesh front pakistan army surrendered on 16 th december, 1971. To try and disengage the fight for secession from its origins is not only extremely problematic but also misguided, and so it is for this reason that i include here creative responses to the 1971 war. Much has been written about the punjab and the creation of west pakistan. East pakistan crisis, 1971, and reveals that political, economic. Bengal and india, 194767 by joya chatterji cambridge university press, 342pp. Books have been added to the list because they have been recommended by someone who has read them. Partition of india 1947 with satyawati khanna from chunian dist.
Sufia ahmed, published by oxford university press, dhaka, 1974 this book is of course the product of her ph. Myriad kingdoms and principalities of ancient eastern india had been always changing in their extent and influences until a transbengal political unity was achieved by the husain shahi rulers under the imperial banner of shahi. An india that denies itself to some of us could end up being denied to all of us. So who are the writers of fiction about partition in bengal. It is also important to note that as a result of the partition of india in 1947, east pakistan was created from the muslimmajority state of east bengal and from a portion of the assamese state called sylhet, while the hindumajority west bengal remained in india. May 31, 2018 partition of bengal and swadeshi movement by mahatma gandhi roman saini upsc cseias, state psc duration. Partition of bengal and swadeshi movement by mahatma gandhi roman saini upsc cseias, state psc duration. The partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, divided the british indian province.
The provincial state of bengal had an area of 189,000 sq. The idea of partitioning bengal did not originate with curzon. In recent times, a few studies have come out like joya chattetji, the spoils of partition. The partition of bengal ultimately turned out to be a defeat for all. Jun 30, 2017 the partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, divided the british indian province of bengal based on the radcliffe line between india and pakistan.
British control extended from eastern bengal across the entire ganges. Myriad kingdoms and principalities of ancient eastern india had been always changing in their extent and influences until a transbengal political unity was achieved by the husain shahi rulers under the imperial banner of shahi bangala. The partition of india in 1947 was a seminal event of the twentieth century. Elite conceptions of muslim identity from the partition of bengal to. Partition of bengal, 1947 latest major change in the political geography of bengal. Dec 17, 2004 partition of india and pakistan occured in 1947, and a further partition of greater pakistan turned a province of old east bengal into bangladesh in 1971. One can count on dr asok mitra to say things that very few dare to say and most do not even notice or perceive.
Jun 06, 2002 whereas previous studies of the end of british rule in india have concentrated on the negotiations of the transfer of power at the allindia level or have considered the emergence of separatist politics amongst indias muslim minorities, this study provides a reevaluation of the history of bengal focusing on the political and social processes that led to the demand for partition in bengal and. Bangladesh is part of the historic province of bengal which was. In bengal, partition frustrated the plans and purposes of the very groups that had demanded it. Introduction in july 1905 it was announced by the viceroy of india the first partition of bengal would be executed. Books about the indian subcontinental partition 88 books.
The spoils of partition by joya chatterji cambridge core. Jun 17, 2015 partition of bengal 1905 followings are some important points to remember about partition of bengal which are often repeated in different exams in shape of mcqs. More than simply following independence from britain chronologically, krishna sees the last fifty years of postcolonial south asian history as a period strongly influenced by the pre1947. Inspite of the separation of assam which had taken with it the bengali. In 1947, bengal was partitioned for the second time, solely on religious grounds, as part of the partition of india following the formation of the nations india and pakistan. Partition agitations and the role of the ulama ever since the constitution of assam as the chief commissioners province in 1874, the presidency ofbengal comprised ofbengal proper, bihar and orissa and chota nagpur. This took place in 1911 and lord hardinge cancelled the partition of bengal. Bengals troubles did not end with the partition and there were continuous migrations till 1971, while also continuing after that at a smaller scale. The historic partition of bengal in 1947 caused a shift in the. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. Nov 01, 2017 success of anti partition movement and end to the partition the british government tried to put an end to the anti partition movement by adopting repressive measures. Why was bengal of british india partitioned in 1905.
Bengal partition, whereas in 1947, india was divided into two countries, india and pakistan, and bengal was divided into western and eastern regions. The hindus viewed it as a sinister design to weaken bengal, which was the vanguard of struggle for independence. The events in east pakistan, 1971 international commission. On 20 july, 1905, lord curzon issued an order dividing the province of bengal into two parts. The fallout of bengali hindus remaining ignorant of the contribution of mookerjee and how he saved bengali hindus from imminent annihilation, at worst, or externment, at best, is all too evident. The partition of bengal in 1905 was made on october 16 by viceroy curzon. Jun 04, 2002 the rivalry between muslim and hindus first surfaced in the political arena, when the british partitioned the province of bengal in 1905 for administrative reasons. What were curzons two real motives behind the partition of bengal. Feb 01, 2010 partition of bengal 1947 first draft 1 02 2010 the partition of bengal in 1947, part of the partition of india, was a partition that divided the british indian province of bengal between india and pakistan, with west bengal becoming a province of india and east bengal becoming a province of pakistan. It took effect in october 1905 and separated the highly populated muslim eastern areas from the highly populated hindu western areas. The moslem chronicle, the central national muhamedan association, chowdhury kazemuddin ahmad siddiky and dilawar hossain abmed condemned the proposed measure. Some aspects of the bengal partition show all authors.
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